Kutshintsho lwendlela yoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nohlengahlengiso lobume boqoqosho lwangaphakathi, uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luya kuzisa uluhlu lwemingeni emitsha kunye namathuba. Ngokuhlalutya intsingiselo yangoku kunye nesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo, sinokuba nokuqonda okubanzi ngakumbi kwendlela yophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina ngo-2025. Eli phepha liza kuxoxa ngendlela yophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kwiinkalo zokuphuculwa kwamashishini kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, uqoqosho lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. , utshintsho lwabantu, urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nehlabathi jikelele, kunye noqoqosho lwedijithali.
Okokuqala, ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuqhutywa kwezinto ezintsha
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China iye yakhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nohlengahlengiso lwezakhiwo, ithatha ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwezenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe njengamandla okuqhuba, ukuphumeza isicwangciso "sokwenza amandla okuvelisa", kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nenguqu. Ngo-2025, i-China iya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza isicwangciso se-"Industry 4.0" kunye ne "Yenziwe e-China 2025", kwaye izimisele ekuphuculeni inqanaba lobukrelekrele kunye nedijithali yokuvelisa. Okwangoku, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-cutting-edge efana ne-5G, idatha enkulu, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto zizise amathuba amaninzi kumashishini emveli. Ukuveliswa ngobukrelekrele: Imveliso ekrelekrele yeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso lweshishini lemveliso yaseTshayina, ikamva liya kuba ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, i-Intanethi yezinto, i-computing yamafu kunye nobunye ubugcisa, ngokuthe ngcembe ukuphumeza imveliso ezenzekelayo, ulawulo lwedijithali, ukwenza izigqibo ezikrelekrele. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, ubungakanani bemakethi kwicandelo lemveliso yobukrelekrele buya kunyuka kakhulu, kwaye amashishini emveli emveli aya kukhawulezisa inguqu kwiifektri ezikrelekrele. Uphando oluzimeleyo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ephambili: Iingxabano zorhwebo ze-Sino-US kunye notshintsho kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngehlabathi lunyuse ugxininiso lwe-China kuphando oluzimeleyo kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuzimela kobuchwepheshe. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, i-China iza kwandisa ngakumbi utyalo-mali lwayo lwe-R&D kwiinkalo eziphambili ezifana neetshiphusi, imathiriyeli ephucukileyo kunye ne-biomedicine, kwaye ikhuthaze ukufika ngokukhawuleza kokutsha kwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe elizweni. Imveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nendibaniselwano yoshishino lwenkonzo: Ngokuphuculwa koqoqosho, umda phakathi kwemveliso kunye neshishini lenkonzo uya kusiba mfiliba ngakumbi. Imizi-mveliso ephezulu yokuvelisa izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izixhobo zonyango, i-aerospace kunye namanye amashishini okuvelisa akumgangatho ophezulu aya kudityaniswa ngokunzulu kunye neenkonzo zokongezwa kwexabiso eliphezulu ezifana nophando kunye nophuhliso, ukuyila, kunye nokubonisana, ukwenza ifom entsha yoshishino. "yemveliso + yenkonzo" kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho olukumgangatho ophezulu.
Okwesibini, uqoqosho lohlaza kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo
Ukuze ufezekise injongo ye "carbon peak kunye ne-carbon neutrality", i-China ikhuthaza ngamandla uqoqosho oluluhlaza kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngo-2025, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, uqoqosho oluphantsi lwekhabhoni kunye nesetyhula luya kuba ngumxholo ophambili wophuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwaseTshayina, olungayi kuchaphazela kuphela imo yemveliso kunye nolwalathiso lophuhliso lwazo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kodwa luchaphazela ngakumbi indlela yokusetyenziswa. Amandla amatsha kunye nobuchwephesha bokusingqongileyo: I-China ikhuthele ukuphuhlisa imithombo yamandla emitsha ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kumafutha e-fossil. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, umthamo ofakiweyo wamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga, umoya kunye namandla e-hydrogen uya kwanda kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ikhonkco loshishino lwezithuthi zombane, ukurisayikilisha kweebhetri, izibonelelo zokutshaja iimoto zamandla amatsha kunye nezinye iinkalo ezinxulumene nazo ziya kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Uqoqosho lwesetyhula kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma: Uqoqosho lwesetyhula lukhokelo olubalulekileyo lwexesha elizayo lomgaqo-nkqubo wokusingqongileyo, ojolise ekufezekiseni ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemithombo kunye nowona mgangatho wokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma. Ngo-2025, ukuhlelwa kwenkunkuma yasezidolophini kunye nokurisayikilisha kwemithombo kuya kwandiswa, kwaye ukunyangwa kwenkunkuma efana nenkunkuma yezixhobo zombane, iiplastiki, kunye nefenitshala endala kuya kwenza ikhonkco elikhulu lemizi-mveliso. I-Green Finance kunye noTyalo-mali lwe-ESG: Ngokuhambela phambili ngokukhawuleza koqoqosho lohlaza, utyalo-mali lohlaza kunye ne-ESG (Eyendalo, iNtlalo kunye nolawulo) iza kunyuka. Zonke iintlobo zemali eyinkunzi kunye neengxowa-mali ziya kutyala ngakumbi kumandla acocekileyo, ubuchwephesha bohlaza kunye namanye amacandelo, kwaye zikhuthaze amashishini amaninzi ukufikelela kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngelo xesha, amaziko emali aya kwazisa iibhondi eziluhlaza, iimali-mboleko zophuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nezinye iimveliso ukukhuthaza amashishini ukuba atshintshele ekukhuselweni kwendalo.
Okwesithathu, utshintsho lwesakhiwo sabemi kunye noluntu oluguga
Ubume belizwe laseTshayina bujongene neenguqu ezinzulu, kwaye ukwaluphala nokuncipha kwamazinga okuzala kwazisa imingeni enkulu kuqoqosho lwentlalo. Ngo-2025, inkqubo yokuguga yaseTshayina iya kunyuka ngakumbi, kunye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala kulindeleke ukuba baphendule malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zabantu bebonke. Utshintsho lwedemografi luya kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwimarike yezemisebenzi, ubume bokusetyenziswa, kunye nokhuseleko loluntu. Uxinzelelo lwemarike yomsebenzi: Abantu abalupheleyo baya kukhokelela ekwehleni kwenani labantu abasebenzayo, kwaye ingxaki yokunqongophala kwabasebenzi iya kubonakala ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukujongana noku, i-China kufuneka ibuyisele ukwehla kwabasebenzi ngokuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye neenzuzo zemveliso. Ukongeza, imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza ukubeleka, ukwandisa intatho-nxaxheba yabasebenzi ababhinqileyo, kunye nokulibaziseka komhlalaphantsi nazo ziya kuqaliswa. Uphuhliso lweshishini lomhlalaphantsi: Ebusweni bokuguga ngokukhawuleza, ishishini lomhlalaphantsi liza kuzisa uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo ngo-2025. Iinkonzo zokhathalelo lwabantu abadala, iimveliso zemali yomhlalaphantsi, izixhobo zomhlalaphantsi ezikrelekrele, njl.njl., ziya kuba nendawo yentengiso ebanzi. Ngexesha elifanayo, kunye nokujula koluntu olugugayo, iimveliso kunye neenkonzo kwiimfuno zabantu abadala ziya kuqhubeka nokuzisa izinto ezintsha. Ukulungelelaniswa kwesakhiwo sokusetyenziswa: Ukuguga kuya kuqhuba utshintsho kwisakhiwo sokusetyenziswa, kunye nemfuno yokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukutya kwezempilo, iinkonzo zokunakekelwa kwabantu abadala kunye namanye amashishini aya kwanda kakhulu. Iimveliso zobomi kubantu abadala, ulawulo lwezempilo, inkcubeko kunye nokuzonwabisa kuya kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemarike yabathengi.
Okokuqala, urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nehlabathi jikelele
Imiba yangaphandle efana nokungavisisani kwezorhwebo phakathi kwe-China ne-United States kunye neempembelelo zobhubhani we-COVID-19 ziye zabangela ukuba i-China icinge ngokutsha isicwangciso sayo sokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye nepatheni yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-2025, ukungaqiniseki kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kuza kuqhubeka kukho, kodwa ubume boqoqosho lwaseTshayina lwamazwe ngamazwe luza kwahluka ngakumbi, kwaye ubuhlakani bamazwe ngamazwe buza kwandiswa ngakumbi. Intsebenziswano kuqoqosho lwengingqi: Phantsi kwezicwangciso zentsebenziswano kuqoqosho lwengingqi ezifana neRCEP (iSivumelwano soQoqosho oluBanzi kwiNgingqi) kunye neBelt and Road Initiative, iChina iya komeleza intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kunye ne-Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Middle East kunye neminye imimandla ukukhuthaza imarike. ukwahluka kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimarike enye. Urhwebo lwaseTshayina kunye nobudlelwane botyalo-mali kunye nale mimandla kulindeleke ukuba bukhule bomelele ngo-2025. Ukhuseleko lwekhonkco lonikezelo kunye nolwasekhaya: Ukungaqiniseki kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi kubangele i-China ukuba iqhubele phambili ukunyusa umthamo wemveliso yasekhaya yamatyathanga abalulekileyo oshishino ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lwekhonkco lokubonelela. Ngaxeshanye, i-China iya kukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamashishini angaphandle akumgangatho ophezulu kwaye iphucule ngakumbi impembelelo yamazwe ngamazwe "yeempawu zasekhaya". I-RMB kumazwe ngamazwe: I-RMB yamazwe ngamazwe yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuba i-China ithathe inxaxheba kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025, umlinganiselo we-RMB esetyenziselwa ukurhweba kunye notyalo-mali uya kunyuka ngakumbi, ngakumbi kumazwe kunye nemimandla esecaleni kwe "Belt and Road", i-RMB iya kuba yimali ekhuphisanayo yokuhlalisa urhwebo.
Okwesihlanu, uqoqosho lweDijithali kunye noqoqosho lweqonga
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-03-2024