I-Ofisi yeNgcaciso yeBhunga leSizwe ibambe intlanganiso rhoqo yomgaqo-nkqubo weBhunga leSizwe ngomhla wama-23 kuTshazimpuzi ka-2023 ukuze icacise iintatheli ngokugcina isikali esizinzileyo kunye nesakhiwo esivakalayo sorhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nokuphendula imibuzo.Masibone -
Q1
Umbuzo: Ngawaphi amanyathelo aphambili omgaqo-nkqubo wokugcina isikali esizinzileyo kunye nesakhiwo esivakalayo sorhwebo lwangaphandle?
A:
Ngomhla we-7 ku-Epreli, intlanganiso yesigqeba seBhunga leSizwe lafunda imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhuthaza umlinganiselo ozinzileyo kunye nesakhiwo esivakalayo sorhwebo lwangaphandle.Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wahlulwe kwiinkalo ezimbini: okokuqala, ukuzinzisa isikali, kwaye okwesibini, ukunyusa isakhiwo.
Ngokumalunga nokuzinzisa isikali, kukho imiba emithathu.
Enye kukuzama ukudala amathuba orhwebo.Ezi ziquka ngokubanzi ukuqalisa kwakhona imiboniso engaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi e-China, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-APEC yokusetyenzwa kwamakhadi okuhamba kweshishini, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuqaliswa okuzinzileyo nokucwangcisiweyo kweenqwelomoya zabakhweli bamazwe ngamazwe.Ukongeza, siyakucela amaphulo ethu ozakuzo phesheya kolwandle ukuba anyuse inkxaso kwiinkampani zorhwebo zangaphandle.Kwakhona siza kukhupha imilinganiselo ethile kwizikhokelo zorhwebo ezingqamene nelizwe, ezijolise ekwandiseni amathuba orhwebo kwiinkampani.
Okwesibini, siya kuzinzisa urhwebo kwiimveliso eziphambili.Iza kunceda amashishini eemoto aseke kwaye aphucule inkqubo yenkonzo yentengiso yezizwe ngezizwe, iqinisekise imfuno eyinkunzi eyinkunzi yeeprojekthi ezinkulu ezipheleleyo zezixhobo, kwaye ikhawulezise uhlaziyo loluhlu lobuchwepheshe kunye neemveliso ezikhuthazwayo ukuba zingeniswe kweli lizwe.
Okwesithathu, siza kuzinzisa amashishini orhwebo angaphandle.Uthotho lwamanyathelo athile aquka ukufunda ngokusekwa kwesigaba sesibini senkonzo yeNgxowa-mali yokuTshintsha nokuPhuhliswa kweSikhokelo soRhwebo, ukukhuthaza iibhanki kunye namaziko e-inshorensi ukuba andise intsebenziswano kumgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi yokuxhasa ngemali kunye nokwandiswa kwamatyala, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezincinci, ezincinci neziphakathi- amashishini amakhulu enkxaso-mali yorhwebo lwangaphandle, kunye nokukhawulezisa ukwandiswa kwe-inshorensi engaphantsi kokubhalwa phantsi kwe-industrial chain.
Kwinkalo yesakhiwo esisiso, kukho imiba emibini ubukhulu becala.
Okokuqala, kufuneka siphucule iipatheni zorhwebo.Sicebise ukukhokela ukhutshelo lwemithamo yorhwebo olusembindini, lwentshona kunye nomntla-mpuma.Siza kuhlaziya kwakhona imilinganiselo yokulawula urhwebo oluwela imida, kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso lweNdawo ye-Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area njengendawo yokuhamba ngedijithali yorhwebo lwehlabathi.Sikwakhokela amagumbi afanelekileyo orhwebo kunye nemibutho ukuba alungelelanise iimfuno zohlaza zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, enze imigangatho eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi kwezinye iimveliso zorhwebo zangaphandle, kunye nokukhokela amashishini ukuba asebenzise kakuhle imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ye-e-commerce enqamlezileyo.
Okwesibini, siya kuyiphucula imeko yophuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle.Siza kuyisebenzisa kakuhle inkqubo yokulumkisa kwangethuba kunye nenkqubo yenkonzo yezomthetho, siqhubele phambili uphuhliso “lwefestile enye”, siqhubele phambili ukuququzelela izaphulelo zerhafu ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, siphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kwempahla ephumayo kumazibuko, nokuphumeza izivumelwano zorhwebo simahla. sele isebenza ngomgangatho ophezulu.Siza kupapasha nezikhokelo zokusetyenziswa kwamashishini aphambili.
Q2
Umbuzo: Ungawanceda njani amashishini azinzise iiodolo kunye nokwandisa imarike?
A:
Okokuqala, kufuneka sibambe iCanton Fair kunye nothotho lweminye imiboniso.
Umboniso we-133 weCanton Fair ngaphandle kwe-intanethi uyaqhubeka, kwaye ngoku isigaba sesibini siqalile.Kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo wabeka irekhodi okanye wavuma imiboniso ye-186 yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.Kufuneka sincede amashishini anxibelelane omnye nomnye.
Okwesibini, ukuququzelela abafowunelwa bezoshishino.
Okwangoku, izinga lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwiinqwelomoya zethu eziya kumazwe angaphandle lifikelele malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba laphambi kobhubhane, kwaye sisasebenza nzima ukuzisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ezi nqwelomoya.
UMphathiswa Wezangaphandle kunye namanye amasebe afanelekileyo atyhala amazwe afanelekileyo ukuba aququzelele isicelo se-visa kwiinkampani zaseTshayina, kwaye sikwaququzelela isicelo se-visa kwiinkampani zangaphandle eTshayina.
Ngokukodwa, sixhasa iKhadi lokuHamba loShishino le-APEC njengenye indlela yee-visa.Ikhadi le-visa lenyani liya kuvunyelwa nge-1 kaMeyi.Kwangaxeshanye, amasebe asekhaya afanelekileyo aqhubeka efunda kwaye ephucula amanyathelo okubona okude ukuququzelela utyelelo loshishino eTshayina.
Okwesithathu, kufuneka silwenze nzulu inguqulelo yorhwebo.Ngokukodwa, i-e-commerce ifanele ukukhankanywa.
UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo ulungele ukukhuthaza ngokuthe ngcembe ulwakhiwo lwemimandla yovavanyo olubanzi lwe-e-commerce enqamleza imida, kunye nokwenza uqeqesho lophawu, imithetho kunye nolwakhiwo lwemigangatho, kunye nophuhliso oluphezulu lweendawo zokugcina iimpahla zaphesheya.Sikwaceba ukubamba intlanganiso kwisiza kwindawo yokulingwa ebanzi yorhwebo lwe-intanethi olunqamleza imida ukukhuthaza iindlela ezithile ezilungileyo kurhwebo lwe-intanethi olunqumla imida.
Okwesine, siya kuxhasa amashishini ekuphononongeni iimarike ezahlukeneyo.
UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uya kukhupha izikhokelo zorhwebo zelizwe, kwaye ilizwe ngalinye liya kuqulunqa isikhokelo sokukhuthaza urhwebo kwiimarike eziphambili.Kwakhona siza kuyisebenzisa kakuhle indlela yeQela eliSebenzayo kurhwebo olungathintelekiyo phantsi kwePhulo leBhanti kunye neNdlela elisekwe namazwe amaninzi ukunceda ukusombulula iingxaki ezijongene neenkampani zaseTshayina ekuhloleni iimarike kumazwe akwiBhanti neNdlela kunye nokwandisa amathuba kuzo.
Q3
Umbuzo:Imali inokuxhasa njani uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lorhwebo lwangaphandle?
A:
Okokuqala, sithathe amanyathelo okunciphisa iindleko zenkxaso-mali yoqoqosho lokwenene.Ngo-2022, umyinge wenzala elinganisiweyo kwimali-mboleko yenkampani yehle ngamanqaku angama-34 ngonyaka ukuya kwi-4.17 pesenti, inqanaba eliphantsi ngokwembali.
Okwesibini, siya kukhokela amaziko emali ukuba anyuse inkxaso kumashishini amancinane, amancinane namashishini abucala orhwebo lwangaphandle.Ekupheleni kuka-2022, imali-mboleko encinci kunye nencinci yePratt & Whitney inyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-24 ngonyaka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24 yezigidi zezigidi zeeyuan.
Okwesithathu, ikhokela amaziko emali ukuba abonelele ngeenkonzo zolawulo lomngcipheko wotshintshiselwano kumashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle, kunye nokunciphisa imirhumo yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle enxulumene neenkonzo zebhanki kumashishini amancinci, amancinci naphakathi.Kunyaka ophelileyo, umlinganiselo we-enterprise hedging ratio unyuke ngepesenti ezi-2.4 ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo ukuya kuma-24%, kunye nokukwazi kwamashishini amancinci, aphakathi kunye namancinci ukunqanda ukuguquguquka kwezinga lotshintshiselwano kwaphuculwa ngakumbi.
Okwesine, indawo yokuhlala ye-RMB yorhwebo olunqamlezayo luye lwaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuphuculwe ukuququzelelwa kwezorhwebo.Kunyaka ophelileyo, isikali sokuhlaliswa kweRMB esinqamlezileyo kwimpahla sinyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-37 unyaka nonyaka, sibalelwa kwi-19 lepesenti yetotali, ipesenti ezi-2.2 zamanqaku aphezulu kunowama-2021.
Q4
Q: Ngawaphi amanyathelo amatsha aya kuthathwa ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida?
A:
Okokuqala, kufuneka siphuhlise i-e-commerce enqamlezayo + ibhanti yoshishino.Ngokuthembela kwiingingqi ezili-165 zokulinga urhwebo lwe-elektroniki olunqumla imida kwilizwe lethu kunye nokudibanisa izibonelelo zemizi-mveliso kunye noncedo lwengingqi lwemimandla eyahlukeneyo, siya kukhuthaza iimveliso ezikhethekileyo zalapha ekhaya ukuba zingene ngcono kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.Oko kukuthi, ngelixa sisenza umsebenzi olungileyo kwishishini le-B2C elijongene nabathengi, siya kuxhasa ngamandla amashishini ethu orhwebo lwemveli lwangaphandle ukwandisa amajelo okuthengisa, ukulima iibrendi kunye nokwandisa isikali sorhwebo ngorhwebo olunqamlezileyo lwe-e-commerce.Ngokukodwa, siya kwandisa isikali sorhwebo lwe-B2B kunye nomthamo wenkonzo kumashishini.
Okwesibini, kufuneka sakhe iqonga lenkonzo ye-intanethi ebanzi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, zonke iindawo zovavanyo zikhuthaza ngokukhutheleyo ukwakhiwa kwamaqonga eenkonzo ezihlanganisiweyo kwi-intanethi.Okwangoku, la maqonga asebenze ngaphezu kwama-60,000 amashishini e-e-commerce awela imida, malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zamashishini e-e-commerce awela umda welizwe.
Okwesithathu, ukuphucula uvavanyo kunye novavanyo ukukhuthaza ukugqwesa kunye nokukhuthaza amandla.Siza kuqhubeka nokudibanisa iimpawu ezintsha zophuhliso lwe-e-commerce oluwela umda, ukwandisa kunye nokulungelelanisa izikhombisi zovavanyo.Ngophononongo, siza kukhokela iindawo ezilingwayo ezibanzi zokwandisa imeko-bume yophuhliso, siphucule inqanaba lezinto ezintsha, kwaye sikhawulezise ukulinywa kwenani lamashishini abalulekileyo.
Okwesine, ukukhokela ulawulo lokuthotyelwa, uthintelo kunye nokulawula imingcipheko.Siza kusebenzisana ngenkuthalo ne-Ofisi yePropati yoBukrelekrele kaRhulumente ukukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kwezikhokelo zokhuseleko lwe-IPR kwi-e-commerce enqumla imida, kunye nokunceda amashishini e-e-commerce anqumla imida ukuba aqonde imeko ye-IPR kwiimarike ekujoliswe kuzo kwaye enze umsebenzi wawo wasekhaya kwangaphambili.
Q5
Q: Yintoni eya kuba ngamanyathelo alandelayo okukhuthaza uzinzo kunye nophuhliso lokulungisa urhwebo?
A:
Okokuqala, siya kukhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kwe-gradient yorhwebo lokucubungula.
Siya kwenza umsebenzi omhle ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenzwa korhwebo, ukomeleza inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokuphucula indlela yokumisa izibuko.Ukuqhubela phambili, siya kuqhubeka nokuxhasa ukuhanjiswa korhwebo olusembindini, entshona kunye nomntla-mpuma ngokwesiseko sento esele siyenzile.Siya kukhuthaza ukhutshelo, inguqu kunye nophuculo lokuqhuba urhwebo.
Okwesibini, siya kukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezintsha zokurhweba ezifana nokugcinwa kwebhondi.
Okwesithathu, ukuze sixhase ukusetyenzwa kwezorhwebo, kufuneka siqhubeleke ngokudlala ngokupheleleyo indima enkulu yokuqhuba amaphondo orhwebo.
Siza kuqhubeka ukudlala ngokupheleleyo kwindima yamaphondo orhwebo aphambili, sikhuthaze kwaye sixhase oorhulumente basekhaya ukuba baqhubele phambili ukomeleza iinkonzo zala mashishini aphambili orhwebo, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kusetyenziso lwamandla, abasebenzi kunye nenkxaso yetyala, kwaye sibanike iziqinisekiso. .
Okwesine, ngenxa yobunzima obukhoyo obukhoyo ekuhlangabezeni urhwebo, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uya kufunda kwangethuba kwaye akhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo ethile.
Q6
Umbuzo: Ngawaphi amanyathelo aya kuthathwa kwinyathelo elilandelayo ukuze kunyuswe ngcono indima encomekayo yokurhweba kumazwe angaphandle ekugcineni isikali esizinzileyo kunye nesakhiwo esivakalayo sorhwebo lwangaphandle?
A:
Okokuqala, kufuneka sandise imarike yokungenisa elizweni.
Kulo nyaka, simisele imirhumo yethutyana yezinto ezivela ngaphandle kwizinto ezili-1,020.Izinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziirhafu zethutyana zokungenisa elizweni zingaphantsi kuneentlawulo esizithembise kwi-WTO.Kungoku nje, umyinge wenqanaba loluhlu lwamaxabiso okuthengwa kwempahla eChina kumazwe angaphandle ukwi-7%, ngelixa umyinge wenqanaba lomrhumo wamazwe asaphuhlayo ngokweenkcukacha-manani ze-WTO ukwi-10%.Oku kubonisa ukukulungela kwethu ukwandisa ukufikelela kwiimarike zethu zangaphandle.Sityikitye izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla ezili-19 kunye namazwe angama-26 kunye nemimandla.Isivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo siya kuthetha ukuba imirhumo kuninzi lwempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle iya kuthotywa iye kuthi xhaxhe, nto leyo eya kunceda ekwandiseni ukuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle.Kwakhona siza kudlala indima entle ekuthengisweni kweevenkile ze-e-commerce ezinqumla imida ukuze siqinisekise ukuthengwa kwemveliso eninzi kumazwe angaphandle okuzinzile kunye nokwandisa ukuthengwa kwamandla kunye neemveliso zemithombo, iimveliso zezolimo kunye nempahla yabathengi efunwa yi-China.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, sixhasa ukungenisa kwezobuchwepheshe obuphambili, izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kunye namacandelo aphambili kunye namacandelo okukhuthaza uhlengahlengiso kunye nokwenza ngcono ubume bemizi-mveliso yasekhaya.
Okwesibini, nikela umdlalo kwindima yeqonga lomboniso wokungenisa.
Ngomhla we-15 ku-Epreli, uMphathiswa wezeMali, uLawulo oluPhambili lweCustoms kunye noLawulo lweRhafu yeRhafu lukhuphe umgaqo-nkqubo wokungahlawulisi irhafu yokungeniswa, irhafu eyongeziweyo kunye nerhafu yokusetyenziswa kwimiboniso evela ngaphandle ethengiswa ngexesha lomboniso we-China Import and Export Commodity Trade. kulo nyaka, nto leyo eya kubanceda bazise imiboniso eTshayina umboniso kunye nokuthengiswa.Ngoku kukho imiboniso eli-13 kwilizwe lethu esonwabela lo mgaqo-nkqubo, onceda ekwandiseni ukuthengwa kwempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle.
Okwesithathu, siya kukhuthaza iizowuni zokubonisa imveliso yorhwebo lwangaphandle.
Ilizwe limisele iindawo zokubonisa ukungenisa elizweni ezingama-43, ezingama-29 kuzo zasekwa kunyaka ophelileyo.Kwezi ndawo zokubonisa ukungenisa elizweni, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kumgaqo-nkqubo kuye kwenziwa kwingingqi nganye, njengokwandisa ukuthengwa kwempahla yabathengi kumazwe angaphandle, ukudala amaziko orhwebo lwemveliso, kunye nokukhuthaza ukudityaniswa kweemveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya kunye namashishini angaphakathi asezantsi.
Okwesine, siya kuphucula ukuququzelela ukungeniswa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe.
Kunye neCustoms, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uya kukhuthaza ukwandiswa komsebenzi wenkonzo "yefestile enye", ukukhuthaza ukuququzelela urhwebo olunzulu kunye noluqilima ngakumbi, ukukhuthaza ukufunda phakathi kwamachweba okungenisa, ukuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle, ukunciphisa umthwalo. kumashishini, kunye nokwenza ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso laseTshayina kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela lithembeke ngakumbi kwaye lisebenze kakuhle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-24-2023